In view of the actual demand of the scientific ocean drilling, the general arrangement principles of drilling system of ocean exploration ship are determined, the model selection researches on key systems, such as hoisting system, deep hole drilling compensation system, pipe string automation system, drilling coring and core conveyer system, etc., are conducted, and the target exploration ship is identified that its hoisting system adopts the winch hoisting system plan, its deep hole drilling compensation system adopts the overhead crane compensation plan, its pipe string automation system adopts the column pipe racking system plan, and on this basis, the drilling system overall plan design is completed, so as to provide the basis for the drilling system engineering construction of ocean exploration ship.